This topic can be separated out into 2 categories: first, common sport specific terminology which can be used at school or the office without embarrassment and second the slang which is that part of the language used by boarders to form a group identity. Listed here are terms mainly from the first category:

ABS	Acrylonitrite Butadiene Styrene (Plastic used as snowboard topsheet)
Aerial maneuvers	method, stale fish, japan, ollie, revert, sidekick, heel/toe-edge grab, mute, crail, nose/tail grab, nuclear, rocket, 180-to-fakie, roast beef, slob air, canadian bacon, alley oop, two/one handed invert, j-tear,...
All-around, All-mountain, All-terrain, Free-riding, Free-style, Alpine, Race, Half-pipe	Types of equipment and riding styles, see the board equipment section for details.
Base	The P-tex bottom of the board.
Baseless Binding	A type of high-back binding which has no base. The rider's boots contact the board directly on the top sheet. The bindings are secured via holes on the outside of the binding, not under the feet. Some advantages might be lighter weight, more natural board flex, and less distance between the rider's feet and the board. Predominately used by freestyle riders.
Bevel Plate/Wedge	A shim placed under the binding to raise the heel relative to the toe.
Bladder and shell	most ski and snowboard boots are made of a supportive exterior shell and a removable interior bladder. The shell is closed with buckles or laces. The bladder may or may not have laces but normally has a tongue
Bonk	To tap something as the boarder flies over it. Ski resorts don't like boarders to bonk trash cans, picnic tables, or skiers.
Butt plant	corollary to face plant.
Camber	The built in curvature of a board, which can be seen as a space between the board and a table when the board is laid flat on a table; can be curved up like skis or down (rockered).
Cant Plate/Wedge	A shim placed under the binding to angle the foot towards the rider.
Carve	Turning using weight shifting and without skidding
Core	The material the inside of the board is made of.
CSF	Canadian Snowboard Federation
Duck-Stance	A duck-footed stance where the feet are splayed outward, used for free-styling.
Effective edge/Contact edge	The length of edge which contacts the snow, or applies pressure, during a turn.
Face plant	Falling on one's face.
Fakie	Riding backwards, this term can not be applied to a totally symmetrical board with a centered stance where the feet are perpendicular to the edges, normally the feet are angled towards the nose of the board.
Fall line	The most direct line down a slope, the line a ball would follow if rolled down the hill.
Goofy/regular footed	Right foot towards the nose is goofy, left is regular. About half of all boarders ride goofy. Same terminology applies to skateboarding and surfing.
Grab	Any aerial maneuver where the board is grabbed by either or both hands.
Half-pipe	A trough cut into or built up with snow, term originates from skateboarding.
Heel edge	Opposite edge of the toe edge.
High-back binding	Generally used with soft or soft step-in boots, see equipment section.
Inserts	Two methods exist to secure bindings to a board. An insert is a nut built into the board and a machine screw is then used to secure the binding. A big advantage of this method is the ease of moving the bindings, you don't have to have a shop do it and the odds of a screw-up are low.
Jib	To ride on something other than snow, like logs, cars, hand rails, skiers, etc.
Leash	A safety strap for the case where the buckles of the binding accidentally release, required at most ski areas. Also used to keep the board secured to the leg while hiking with the board or while putting it on or taking it off.
Newbie	A novice, someone new to a thing.
New-school	Newer more recent riding techniques, equipment, and equipment set-ups. These include very wide centered stances, short boards, and baggy clothes. New-school is generally only freestyle type riding since the equipment and stances preclude other types of riding.
Nose or tip	That end of the board that the feet are angled towards.
Old-school	The techniques and equipment set-ups originated in the 80's.
P-tex	Brand name of polyethylene used for the snowboard base material.
Plate binding	Used with hard shell boots, see equipment section.
PSIA	Professional Ski Instructors of America
Rail	Side edge of a snowboard.
Retention Plate	The other method of securing bindings is like ski bindings, a sheet metal screw is used after tapping a hole into the board. It is referred to as plate retention because a metal plate is built into the board where the board will be tapped. Not used in boards made after about 1996.
Side-cut	The curvature of the edge towards the center of the board described by the radius of the arc of that curve.
Shin-strap	Optional binding strap on the high-back portion of a high-back binding, aids in applying edge pressure in toe-side turns.
Shred	Rip, jam, do way good snowboarding.
Shredder	One who shreds
Sideslip	To slide or skid down a hill with the board perpendicular to the fall line.
Skate	To propel yourself by pushing with the rear foot which is out of the binding while the front foot is still attached.
Slope style	Freestyle, generally refers to tricks not done in the park and pipe.
Soft binding	Same as a high-back binding.
Stance	Refers to the position of the feet on the board.
Stomp or Skid pad	A pad attached to the board between the bindings where the rear foot can be set when its not in the binding.
Switch stance	A boarding stance in which the nose and tail are indistinguishable, there is no fakie, no forwards or backwards.
Symmetrical/asymmetrical	Refers to board design, see equipment section.
Tail	Back of the board.
Toe edge	That edge of the board the rider faces.
Top Sheet	The top layer of a laminated board, normally contains the graphics, the top layer of the board which can be touched.
Tweak	To become as distorted as possible.
Twintip	A board which is symetrical front to back, can be ridden in either direction. See Switch stance.
Wall	Vertical section of a half-pipe.
3D	Burton's 3 hole pattern of binding mounting. Each binding is secured by 3 screws. There are four different positions or settings of 3 holes for each binding. This allows easy stance adjustment. The 3D hole binding also is mounted on a disk that rotates for angle adjustment. 3D is only used by Burton, but an adapter is available to allow for 3D bindings to be used on the 4x4 hole pattern.
4x4	F2 originated 4 hole pattern of binding mounting. Each binding is secured by 4 screws. This allows easy stance adjustment. The 4x4 binding also is mounted on a disk that rotates for angle adjustment. A majority of non-Burton boards and bindings use the 4x4 pattern. Some 4X4 bindings can be mounted on the Burton 3D pattern without modification.