Planetary Protection Practices & Policies


  1. K. Atwood, Sterilization and Contamination: The Nature of the Problem, Biology and the Exploration of Mars 449, (C.Pittendrigh, W. Vishniac, & J. Pearman, ed. 1966).

  2. J. R. Bagby, Jr., Back Contamination: Lessons Learned during the Apollo Lunar Quarantine Program, Jet Propulsion Laboratory CR-560226 (1975)

  3. J. Barengoltz, Mars Global Surveyor: Planetary Protection Plan, Jet Propulsion Laboratory D-12742 (1995)

  4. J. Barengoltz, Mars Pathfinder: Planetary Protection Implementation Document, Jet Propulsion Laboratory D-13645 (1996).

  5. J. Barengoltz, P. Stabekis, U.S. Planetary Protection Program: Implementation Highlights, 3 Adv. Space Res. 5 (1983).

  6. V. L. Barsukov et al, Soviet Plans for Exploration of Mars 10(3-4) Adv. Space. Res. 25 (1990)

  7. Biomedical Results of Apollo, National Aeronautics & Space Admin. Doc. #SP-368, 407 (R.S. Johnston, L.F. Dietlein, and C.A. Berry, eds., 1975)

  8. Bionetics Corp., Analyses and Sensitivity Studies Related to Post-Launch Recontamination of spacecraft and the Probability of Contamination of a Planet Report No. 71-2-5, prepared for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory 66pp. (1970)

  9. Bionetic Corp. for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Advances in Sterilization and Decontamination--A Survey (1975).

  10. L. Daspit, Planetary Protection Issues for the MESUR Mission: Probability of Growth(Pg), National Aeronautics & Space Administration Doc. #CP-3167, 53 (H.P. Klein, ed.,1991)

  11. R.W. Davies & M.G. Cumuntzis, The Sterilization of Space Vehicles to Prevent Extraterrestrial Biological Contamination, Proc. 10th Int'l Astronautical Congress 495 (1960)

  12. Development of International Efforts to Avoid Contamination of Extraterrestrial Bodies, 128 Science 887 (1958)

  13. R. T. Dillon et al, Estimating the Number of Terrestrial Organisms on the Moon, 4 (1) Space Life Sciences 180 (1973)

  14. D. A. Flory & B. R. Simonett, Terrestrial Contamination in Apollo Lunar Samples, 3(4) Space Life Sciences 457 (1972)

  15. D. G. Fox, L. B. Hall & E. J. Bacon, Development of Planetary Quarantine in the United States, X Life Sci. & Space Res. 1 (1972).

  16. L. Hall, The Objectives and Technology of Spacecraft Sterilization, Biology and the Exploration of Mars 463 (C. Pittendrigh, W. Vishniac, J. Pearman, eds., 1966).

  17. L.B. Hall, Planetary Quarantine (1971).

  18. Robert H. Haynes & Christopher P. McKay The Implantation of Life on Mars: Feasibility and Motivation, 12 Adv. Space Res. (4)133 (1992).

  19. R. L. Huguenin, K. J. Miller, S. B. Leschine, Mars: A Contamination Potential?, 3 Adv. Space Res. 35 (1983).

  20. L. D. Jaffe, Problems in Sterilization of Unmanned Space Vehicles II Life Sciences & Space Res. 406 (1964)

  21. Nicholas L. Johnson, Handbook of Soviet Lunar and Planetary Exploration, Volume 47, Science and Technology Series of the American Astronautical Society (1979).

  22. J. Koike & T. Oshima, Planetary quarantine in the solar system. Survival rates of some terrestrial organisms under simulated space conditions by proton irradiation 29 Acta astronautica 629 (1993)

  23. Bruce Murray, M. Davies, P. Eckman, Planetary Contamination II: Soviet and U.S. Practices and Policies, 155 Science 1505 (March 24,1967).

  24. Douglas B. Nash et al, Science Exploration Opportunities for Manned Missions to the Moon, Mars, Phobos and an Asteroid. NAS 1.26:186295 (1989)

  25. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Manned Mars Missions - A Working Group Report 15, N86-29873; Sup. Doc. No. NAS 1.15:88777, (M. Drake, P. Keaton ed., 1986).

  26. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USSR Space Life Sciences Digest (abstracts) 30, N87-15678; Sup. Doc No. 1.26:3922(9),(1986).

  27. National Research Council, Task Group on Planetary Protection, Biological Contamination of Mars, Issues and Recommendations, NASA Contractor Report NASA CR-190819, Sup. Doc. # NAS 1.26:190819 (1992)

  28. National Research Council, International Cooperation for Mars Exploration and Sample return, Committee on Cooperative Mars Exploration and Sample Return, Space Studies Board, Sup. Doc. # NAS 1.26:186511 (19##)

  29. J. Nishimura, Future Planetary Missions in Japan 10(3-4) Adv. Space Res. 341 (1990)

  30. Albin M. Nowitzky, Spacecraft Sterilization--Techniques and Equipment (1965).

  31. C.R. Phillips & R.K. Hoffman, Sterilization of Interplanetary Vehicles, 132 Science 991 (1960)

  32. Planetary Protection for Solar System Exploration 18 (1/2) Adv. Space Res. 309 (1996)

  33. Planetary protection implementation on future Mars lander missions National Aeronautics & Space Admin. NAS 1.55:3216. (R. Howell, D.L. DeVincenzi, eds., 1993)

  34. Rocks in Quarantine: Apollo's Lessons for Mars 14(4) The Planetary Report 6 (JUL 1994)

  35. Carl Sagan, Elliot C. Levinthal, Joshua Lederberg, Contamination of Mars, 159 Science 1191 (March 15, 1968).

  36. S. Schalkowsky, I. Jacoby, Safety Margins in the Implementation of Planetary Quarantine Requirements, XI Life Sciences & Space Res. 13 (1973).

  37. S. M. Siegel, Mechanical, Chemical and Bio-Hazards 2 (3) Adv. Space Res. 61 (1982)

  38. Staff Report, Soviet Space Programs, 1966-70, Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, United States Senate, 92nd Congress, 1st Session.(1971)

  39. Staff Report, Soviet Space Programs, 1971-75, Library of Congress. Science Policy Research Div., Sup. Doc # Y 4.Ae 8:So 8/971-75/v.1-2 (1976)

  40. C. R. Stoker et al, Science Strategy for Human Exploration of Mars 12(4) Adv. Space Res. 79 (1992)

  41. Patricia M. Sterns, Leslie I. Tennen, Protection of Celestial Environments through Planetary Quarantine Requirements, Proc. 23rd Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space 107 (1980).

  42. M. Stull, Panel Discussion Life in the Universe 195 (J. Billingham, ed. 1981)

  43. H. Sweet, J. Bagby, D. DeVincenzi, The Anataeus Project: An Orbital Quarantine Facility For Analysis of Planetary Return Samples, 3 Adv. Space Res. 23 (1983).

  44. Ronald Bruce Thomson & Owen Gwynne, Design of a sample acquisition system for the Mars exobiological penetrator NASA CR-184692.NAS 1.26:184692.(1989)

  45. V.I. Vashkov et al, Polyurethane Foam Sterilization by the Gas Method, XI Life Sciences & Space Res. 2 (1973)

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Copyright Darlene A. Cypser 1998